Its rocks date in fact from the Palaeozoic Era (up to 500 million years old). The island has an ancient geoformation and, unlike Sicily and mainland Italy, is not earthquake-prone. They are generally high and rocky, with long, relatively straight stretches of coastline, many outstanding headlands, a few wide, deep bays, rias, many inlets and with various smaller islands off the coast. The coasts of Sardinia are 1,849 km (1,149 mi) long. The Strait of Bonifacio is directly north of Sardinia and separates Sardinia from the French island of Corsica. The Tyrrhenian Sea portion of the Mediterranean Sea is directly to the east of Sardinia between the Sardinian east coast and the west coast of the Italian mainland peninsula. The nearest land masses are (clockwise from north) the island of Corsica, the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Tunisia, the Balearic Islands, and Provence. Lake Omodeo, the largest reservoir in Sardinia and in Italy In Classical antiquity, Sardinia was called a number of names besides Sardṓ ( Σαρδώ) or Sardinia, like Ichnusa (the Latinised form of the Greek Ἰχνοῦσα), Sandaliotis ( Σανδαλιῶτις ) and Argyrophleps ( Αργυρόφλεψ). It is suggested that the name had a religious connotation from its use also as the adjective for the ancient Sardinian mythological hero-god Sardus Pater ("Sardinian Father" or "Father of the Sardinians"), as well as being the stem of the adjective " sardonic". There has also been speculation that identifies the ancient Nuragic Sards with the Sherden, one of the Sea Peoples. Īccording to Timaeus, one of Plato's dialogues, Sardinia (referred to by most ancient Greek authors as Sardṓ, Σαρδώ) and its people as well might have been named after a legendary woman going by Sardṓ ( Σαρδώ), born in Sardis ( Σάρδεις), capital of the ancient Kingdom of Lydia. It makes its first appearance on the Nora Stone, where the word Šrdn testifies to the name's existence when the Phoenician merchants first arrived. It comes from the pre-Roman ethnonym * s(a)rd-, later romanised as sardus (feminine sarda). 8.3 Main cities and Functional Urban Areas.3.4 Byzantine era and the rise of the Judicates.In the modern era, many travelers and writers have extolled the beauty of its long-untouched landscapes, which retain vestiges of the Nuragic civilization. ĭue to the variety of Sardinia's ecosystems, which include mountains, woods, plains, stretches of largely uninhabited territory, streams, rocky coasts, and long sandy beaches, Sardinia has been metaphorically described as a micro-continent. Sardinia's indigenous language and Algherese Catalan are referred to by both the regional and national law as two of Italy's twelve officially recognized linguistic minorities, albeit gravely endangered, while the regional law provides some measures to recognize and protect the aforementioned as well as the island's other minority languages (the Corsican-influenced Sassarese and Gallurese, and finally Tabarchino Ligurian). The capital of the region of Sardinia - and its largest city - is Cagliari. It is divided into four provinces and a metropolitan city. Its official name is bilingual in Italian and Sardinian: Regione Autonoma della Sardegna / Regione Autònoma de Sardigna (English: "Autonomous Region of Sardinia"). It is one of the five Italian regions with some degree of domestic autonomy being granted by a special statute. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia and immediately south of the French island of Corsica. Sardinia ( / s ɑːr ˈ d ɪ n i ə/ sar- DIN-ee-ə Italian: Sardegna Sardinian: Sardigna or Sardínnia ) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the 20 regions of Italy.
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